It is also known as moong bean, green gram, or mung. Mungbeans do not fill in 30 inch rows very well, so it is logical to assume that narrower row spacings would give higher yields, provided weed control is adequate. Mungbean vigna radiata and urdbean vigna mungo are important pulse crops. Totally, 199 alleles were detected with a mean of 9. After india, central asia is considered as the secondary centre of origin of blackgram. Application and amplification of general seed certification standards the general seed certification standards are basic and, together with the following specific standards constitute the standards for certification 9f blackgram seed. Vigna is closely related to phaseolus, which is composed of more than 20 species that are native to warm or tropical regions of the new world.
It is an important rainfed short duration legume crop of india and. It has been reported to be originated in india with a secondary centre of origin in central asia pratap and kumar, 2011. The genus vigna belongs to the family fabaceae and includes more than 200 species distributed throughout the tropics. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds. Department of soil science, north west frontier province agricultural university, peshawar october 2003.
The primary ingredient is black gram vigna mungo flour, known as urad. Effect of biofertilizer on the growth of mungbean vigna. Effect of different sowing dates on yield contributing. After seedlings of vigna mungo were transplanted in four pots of equal size 20 cm in height and 6 cm in dm.
Hepper popularly known as urdbean or mash, is a grain legume domesticated from v. Response of improved production technologies ipt on. In oklahoma, double cropped mungbeans are usually planted on about 15 inch row spacings. Effect of biofertilizer on different varieties of black gram. Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity. Vigna minima cowpea vigna mungo black gram vigna oblongifolia. Wild black gram showed higher gene diversity than cultivated black gram. Assessment of genetic divergence for exploitation of dual. Black gram originated in india where it has been in cultivation from ancient times and is one of the most highly prized pulses of india. Effect of liquid biofertilizers on growth and yield of.
Black gram believed to have originated in india is under cultivation from ancient times 1. Hepper were assessed for diversity using 22 ssr markers. Like its relative, the mung bean, it has been reclassified from the phaseolus to the vigna genus. Hepper is a pulse crop and used as a protein rich food in human diet. In this study, 520 cultivated and 14 wild accessions of black gram vigna mungo l. It is mainly cultivated as food crop in india, china, korea, and southeast asia. The record derives from ildis data supplied on 20100714 which reports it as an accepted name record 3538.
The progenitor of these pulses is believed to be vigna trilobata, which grows wild in india nene, 2006. Vigna mungo originated from central asia and india from where it was domesticated. The genus vigna comprises of 150 species, of which vigna mungo or blackgram is one of the most important food legume species. The plants database includes the following 27 species of vigna. Vigna mungo origin india synonym urd, biri, mash introduction. Although successful transfer of many desirable traits has been successfully. The effect of the explant type and its age, type and concentration of cytokinin and auxin either alone or in combination and. Black gram urad dal crop cultivation guide black gram crop. Black gram vigna mungo l fabaceae is one of the most highly prized pulses in tropical countries especially in. The genus vigna fabaceae, formerly leguminosae, is composed of more than 200 species that are native to the warm regions of both the old world and new world. The plants were grown in soil at n50 and n100 doses of urea.
Seed is influenced by different storage containers and storage periods m. K851 6570 entire state for summer cultivation also and. Transferability of simple sequence repeat markers in. Effect of biofertilizer on the growth of mungbean vigna radiata l, wilczek, int. An vigna mungo in nahilalakip ha genus nga vigna, ngan familia nga fabaceae. Ars germplasm resources information network vimu7 integrated taxonomic information system phmu8. It has been domesticated in india from its wild ancestor, vigna mungo var. Analysis of biochemical responses in vigna mungo varieties. Effect of phosphorus and psb on growth, yield and quality. The seedlings of vigna mungo were transplanted in eight pots of equal size, 30cm, in height and 6cm in dm. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Acknowledgements the authors are thankful to principal dr. This study will provide a theoretical basis for improving water use efficiency in pulse cultivation by analyzing the relationship between.
Vigna owahuensis oahu cowpea vigna peduncularis purple cowpea vigna praecox. Black gram cultivation urad dal guide agri farming. In vigna mungo, control treatment resulted in germination percentage over 97%, while it was only 83 and 70% when exposed to 100 and 200. Sivasakthivelan 3 1 department of microbiology, shanmuga industries arts and science college, tiruvannamalai, tamil nadu. In india the area under black gram cultivation is 3. Vigna mungo, vigna radiata and vigna unguiculata are important legume crops cultivated in india, but little is known about the genetic resources in native rhizobia that nodulate these species. Workshop on modern rice cultivation in bangladesh held at brri, gazipur, bangladesh. Vigna mungo blackgram is an important grain legume grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the indian subcontinent, and is adversely affected by saline soils.
In india they are an essential ingredient of idli and dosa acidleavened. Vigna mungo blackgram for abiotic stress tolerance using. Effect of different sowing dates on yield contributing traits of mash bean vigna mungo l. Several vigna species, especially mung bean or green gram vigna radiata l. Analysis of yield gaps in black gram vigna mungo in district. An efficient, rapid and direct multiple shoot regeneration system amenable to agrobacteriummediated transformation from primary leaf with intact petiole of blackgram vigna mungo is established for the first time. Development of an efficient in vitro plant regeneration.
As long ago as 1994, annual production in india was some 100 000 tons with exports of 7000 tons. Vigna mungo can be used as cover crop and green manure jansen, 2006. Plant height cm, branches plant1, pods plant, grain yield plant g and biomass plant1 g were recorded on 10 plants. In bangladesh, its cultivation is scattered over the northern districts, especially in rajshahi and chapai nawabganj. Gujarat moong3 70 75, yield 12000 kgha, only for summer season gujarat moong4 6065 yield 1200 0 kgha.
To identify these bacteria, a core collection of 76 slowgrowing isolates was built from root nodules of v. Your medication, delivered learn more have a question. Effect of different sowing dates on yield contributing traits. Vigna mungo describiose por hepper y espublizose en kew bulletin 111. Green gram mung bean or moong botanical name vigna radiata.
Upadhyaya1, annamalai muthusamy1, mikhail pooggin2 and thomas hohn2 1 school of life sciences, jawaharlal nehru university, n. Vigna mungo is usually fed to cattle as a fodder but the plant, the seeds and the byproducts are also consumed by other species fuller, 2004. Black gram facts, health benefits and nutritional value. Due to lack of natural variation for abiotic stress tolerance, which limits breeding strategies, a genetic engineering approach has been used in vigna mungo. Pdf intercropping is the practice of growing more than one crop in the same field simultaneously and considered for increasing and stability of yield. Effect of biofertilizer on different varieties of black. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. During the twelfth plan 20122015 the total production was 18. Mung bean is sown on lighter soils than black gram gohl, 1982. Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity, soil fertility and economics of blackgram vigna mungo varieties under rainfed condition field experiments were conducted during kharif seasons on 7th and 10th july of 2010 and 2011 respectively to find out suitable nutrient management practices for blackgram varieties at farmers. Vigna radiata, or commonly known as mung bean, is an erect or semierect annual legume about cm in height with a welldeveloped taproot. Vigna radiata mung bean, thai mung bean pfaf plant database.
Black gram is rich in protein 2526% and grown as intercrop, catch crop also as solo crop. Plants are the prime source of nutrients for microbes and provide nutrients indirectly from root exudates and dead plant matter. In bangladesh, its cultivation is scattered over the northern districts, especially in. Hepper is one of the important pulse crops grown in india which belongs to the family leguminoseae.
Black gram vigna mungo l is a short duration crop belongs to leguminacae family. Vigna mungo black gram, urd bean, black matpe, black mung. Shoot and root length, and fresh weight of seedling also decreased srivastava and sharma, 20. It is often used as dry season intercrop in rice or wheat as it has a beneficial effect on soil nutrient status parashar, 2006. Flowers are small, axillary and bright yellow in color. Days to flowering and maturity were recorded at 50% of flowering and 90% maturity and these variables were represented by a single value for each genotype. Other flours can be included such as moth bean vigna aronitifolia battacharya, 2010, known as math, and various types of starchy flours such as rice and sago. Transformation of vigna mungo blackgram for abiotic stress tolerance using marker free approach neera bhallasarin1, prasanna bhomkar1, suchandra debroy1, nidhi sharma1, mukesh saxena1, chandrama p. Pdf identification of yellow mosaic virus ymv resistant.
Vigna mungo is densely hairy, erect, suberect or trailing and annual herb with taproot producing branched root system having smooth and rounded nodules. Sarwaiya for their administrative support, cooperation and help. Hafiz bashir ahmad 1, muhammad amir amin 1, iqbal hussian 2, ch. Black gram, vigna mungo, accumulates many kinds of flavonol and anthocyanin. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers.
Muhammad rafique 1, muhammad naveed 1, muhammad aslam awais 1and muhammad shafiq, muhammad aqeel 1 1pulses research institute, ayub agriculture, faisalabad, pakistan. The effect of the explant type and its age, type and concentration of cytokinin and auxin either alone or in combination and genotype on multiple shoot regeneration efficiency and. Black gram originated in india, where it has been in cultivation from ancient times and is one of the most highly prized pulses of india and pakistan. Sivasakthivelan3 1department of microbiology, shanmuga industries arts and science college, tiruvannamalai, tamil nadu, india. Vigna mungo, the black gram, urad bean, minapa pappu, mungo bean or black matpe bean ma. Effect of phosphorus and psb on growth, yield and quality of. However, at present they are considered as 2 separate species with as major differences. Vigna mungo is a annual growing to 1 m 3ft 3in by 0. Modern agrotechniques for cultivation of black gram urdbean vgna mungo l.
See status, confidence level, source for definitions. Walp, are widely cropped as grain legumes, fodder and vegetable crops in many tropical and. Effect of biofertilizer on the growth of mungbean vigna radiata. It belongs to family leguminoseae with chromosome number 2n2x22. In tamil nadu the production is 98712 tonnes from the area of 259722 hectares with the productivity of 380 kg ha1 des, 2015. It accounts % total pulses area and 10 % total pulses production in india.
Plants are exposed to diverse species of microbes that are present in soil. Hepper is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus vigna family leguminosae. Leaves are trifoliolate having 3 ovate or rhombic ovate leaflets and measures 4 to 10 cm by 2. A primary gene centre of black gram is found in india, thus many landraces of black gram is available in. Response of zinc on growth, yield and quality of blackgram. As long ago as 1994, annual production in india was some 100 000 tons with.
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